Standards

Standards and guidelines that regulate geophysical instrumentation from multiple organizations and apply to geophysical or NTDE surveys:

AAMA

AAMA 501.2 Quality Assurance and Diagnostic Water Leakage Field Check of Installed Storefronts, Curtain Walls, and Sloped Glazing Systems

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American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

ASCE Guidelines for Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) or utility locating

ASCE/UESI/CI 75-22 Standard Guideline for Recording and Exchanging Utility Infrastructure Data

ASCE 75-22, specifies essential elements for documenting the location, geometry, and feature attributes of underground and aboveground utility infrastructure, with a particular focus on enabling creation of 3D digital twins for newly installed and/or exposed utility infrastructure.

ASCE/UESI/CI 38-22  Standard Guideline for Investigating and Documenting Existing Utilities

ASCE 38-22, endeavors to safeguard public welfare by providing guidance on performing utility investigations and documenting results in a standardized fashion.

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American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)

ASTM Standard D150-18: Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation

ASTM Standard D1531-06: Standard Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement Procedures (Withdrawn 2012)

ASTM Standard D1673-94(2004): Standard Test Methods for Relative Permittivity And Dissipation Factor of Expanded Cellular Polymers Used For Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2006)

ASTM Standard D2149-13 (2021): Standard Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor of Solid Dielectrics at Frequencies to 10 MHz and Temperatures to 500 °C

ASTM Standard D2520-21: Standard Test Methods for Complex Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Microwave Frequencies and Temperatures to 1650 °C

ASTM Standard D3380: Standard Test Method for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor of Polymer-Based Microwave Circuit Substrates

ASTM Standard D5568-22a: Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave Frequencies Using Waveguide

ASTM Standard C642-21: Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete

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ASTM Standard C39/C39M: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens — eLearning Course

ASTM Standard C1153-23: Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Systems Using Infrared Imaging

ASTM Standard C1383-15: Standard Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo (IE) Method

ASTM Standard C1740-16: Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method

Olson Instruments Slab Impulse Response (SIR)

ASTM Standard C215-19: Standard Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete Specimens

Olson Instruments Resonance Test Gauge (RTG)

ASTM Standard C597      Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

ASTM Standard C642

ASTM Standard C666      Resonance Test Gauge (RTG)

ASTM Standard C876 Half-cell potential

ASTM Standard C1383        Impact Echo (IE), Impact Echo Scanner (IES), Concrete Thickness Gauge (CTG)

ASTM Standard D4428   Crosshole Seismic (CS)

ASTM Standard D4428M          Crosshole Seismic (CS)

ASTM Standard D4748 Standard Test Method for Determining the Thickness of Bound Pavement Layers Using Short-Pulse Radar

ASTM Standard D4787 Standard Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or Sheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates

ASTM Standard D5334

ASTM Standard D5882 Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) & Foundation Test Gauge (FTG)

ASTM D5957 Standard Guide for Flood Testing Horizontal Waterproofing Installations

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ASTM Standard D6087-08(Reapproved 2015) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Rebar amplitude, attenuation, corrosion

-GPR systems using air-launched horn antennas, or ground-coupled antennas, with center frequencies 1 GHz and greater

-sufficient center frequency to provide the accurate measurement of a 5 cm thick asphalt pavement

-distance measurement system consisting of a fifth-wheel or appropriate distance measurement instrument (DMI) with accuracy of 6100 mm/km and a resolution of 25 mm

-Signal-to-Noise Ratio Test: square metal plate signal-to-noise ratio test

-signal-to-noise ratio test results for the GPR unit should be greater than or equal to 20 (+26.0 dB)

-Signal Stability Test

-Variations in Time Calibration Factor

-Long-Term Amplitude Variation

-Free Space Signal (FSP)

-Flat Metal Plate (FMP)

-Use a transverse distance (dt ) between GPR inspection passes <1 m is suggested

-Use a longitudinal distance (dl) between GPR scans ≤150 mm

-Determine the starting location for passes, that is, at abutments, joints, or a predetermined location

-Determine the optimum speed of operation for contiguous longitudinal coverage based on GPR range sweep rate and the scan-spacing

Report as a minimum, the following:

-Bridge identification and location,

-Date and weather conditions,

-General deck status relative to moisture and debris,

-Any unusual conditions or circumstances, and

-GPR results, in the following forms:

-Percent of bridge deck area delaminated, at top steel,

-Bridge deck area, in square metres deteriorated, at top steel,

-Total bridge deck area, in square metres deteriorated for the bridge deck, at top steel, and

-Plan view map of bridge deck, depicting GPR inspection pass versus longitudinal distance and showing location and extent of detected deterioration at top steel. A color-coded contour map is suggested.

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ASTM Standard D6429-99 (2011) Standard Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods

ASTM Standard D6432-11 Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation Page 3 of 23

ASTM Standard D6758-18 Standard Test Method for Measuring Stiffness and Apparent Modulus of Soil and Soil Aggregate In-Place by Electro-Mechanical Method

ASTM Standard D6760 Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing  

Olson Instruments Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)

Pile Dynamics, Inc. (PDI) CROSS HOLE ANALYZER (CHAMP-Q)

ASTM D7240 Standard Practice for Leak Location using Geomembranes with an Insulating Layer in Intimate Contact with a Conductive Layer via Electrical Capacitance Technique (Conductive Geomembrane Spark Test)

ASTM Standard D7400   Downhole Seismic (DS)

ASTM Standard D7007 – 03: Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earth Materials

resistivity leak detection

https://www.agiusa.com/blog/using-electrical-resistivity-detect-leaks-pond-membranes

ASTM Standard D7877 Standard Guide for Electronic Methods for Detecting and Locating Leaks in Waterproof Membranes

ASTM Standard E494      Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

ASTM Standard E1105 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

ASTM Standard E2835    Lightweight Deflectometer (LWD)

ASTM Standard G57

ASTM Standard G62 Standard Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coatings

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American Concrete Institute (ACI)

ACI Standard 228.2R Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2, Construction Practices and Inspection, Pavements

-Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL), Parallel Seismic (PS), Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR), Foundation Test Gauge (FTG), Slab Impulse Response (SIR), Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

AASHTO Standard TP-36, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Pulsed Radar

AASHTO  Standard PP 40, Application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Highways

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BSI Standard 98/105795           Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

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FHWA-HIF-00-015, Ground Penetrating Radar for Measuring Pavement Layer Thickness

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FLH Standard 521.830 – Standard Method for Determining Pulse Velocity Through Concrete in Drilled Shafts

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International Electrical Engineering (IEEE)

IEEE-442

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International Standards Organisation (ISO)

ISO-2008

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NCHRP Synthesis No. 255, Ground Penetrating Radar for Evaluating Subsurface Conditions for Transportation Facilities

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SHRP C-101, Condition Evaluation of Concrete Bridges Relative to Reinforcement Corrosion

SHRP Catalogue No. 4008, Pavement Thickness Software using Radar

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Section 01 35 26 Governmental Safety Requirements

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Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) also known as utility locating or one call services. Follow ASCE 38-22 and ASCE 75-22